# Magma Handbook > Documentation for Magma V2.28, a computer algebra system for computations > in algebra, number theory, algebraic geometry and combinatorics. Magma provides implementations of many algorithms across computational mathematics. This handbook documents all functions, data types and algorithms available in the system. - [General Index](genindex.html): Alphabetical index of all Magma functions and types. - [References](references.html): Full bibliography cited throughout the handbook. - [Object Index](object-index.md): Every documented Magma object (name, signature, link), grouped by kind, for exact-name lookup. ## Language and Foundations ### [The Magma Language](MagmaLanguage/index-magma-language.html) - [Statements and Expressions](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/index-statements-and-expressions.html): Identifiers, assignment, booleans and coercion. - [Functions, Procedures and Packages](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/index-functions-procedures-and-packages.html): Defining functions and procedures, packages, attributes and verbose flags. - [Input and Output](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/index-input-output.html): Strings, printing and reading input. - [Environment and Options](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/index-environment-and-options.html): Command-line options, environment variables and verbose/info settings. - [Parallelism](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/index-parallelism.html): Kernel-distributed parallelism, GPUs and parallel linear algebra. - [Magma Semantics](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/index-magma-semantics.html): Definitions, assignment, evaluation and scope. - [The Magma Profiler](MagmaLanguage/TheMagmaProfiler/index-the-magma-profiler.html): Profiling basics, call graphs and recursive profiling. - [Debugging Magma Code](MagmaLanguage/DebuggingMagmaCode/index-debugging-magma-code.html): Using the interactive debugger. ### [Sets, Sequences and Mappings](SetsSequencesMappings/index-sets-sequences-mappings.html) - [Introduction to Aggregates](SetsSequencesMappings/IntroductionToAggregates/index-introduction-to-aggregates.html): Overview of aggregate types, nesting, multi-indexing and common operations. - [Sets](SetsSequencesMappings/Sets/index-sets.html): Enumerated sets, set-builder notation, membership, operations and power sets. - [Sequences](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/index-sequences.html): Ordered sequences: indexing, slicing, sorting, modification and iteration. - [Tuples and Cartesian Products](SetsSequencesMappings/TuplesCartesianProducts/index-tuples-cartesian-products.html): Fixed-length tuples, Cartesian product parents and component access. - [Lists](SetsSequencesMappings/Lists/index-lists.html): Mutable dynamic lists and list operations. - [Associative Arrays](SetsSequencesMappings/AssociativeArrays/index-associative-arrays.html): Key-value maps with arbitrary index types. - [Coproducts](SetsSequencesMappings/Coproducts/index-coproducts.html): Disjoint union types and access to their elements. - [Records](SetsSequencesMappings/Records/index-records.html): Named-field record structures and record formats. - [Mappings](SetsSequencesMappings/Mappings/index-mappings.html): Maps between sets: injections, surjections, bijections and coercion maps. ### [Basic Rings](BasicRings/index-basic-rings.html) - [Introduction to Rings](BasicRings/IntroductionToRings/index-introduction-to-rings.html): The ring/field world, coercion and generic ring functionality. - [Ring of Integers](BasicRings/Integers/index-integers.html): Integer arithmetic, divisibility, primes and number-theoretic functions. - [Integer Residue Class Rings](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/index-residue-class-rings.html): Rings Z/nZ, Chinese remainder theorem and Hensel lifting. - [Rational Field](BasicRings/Rationals/index-rationals.html): Rational number arithmetic and conversion. - [Finite Fields](BasicRings/FiniteFields/index-finite-fields.html): Construction, arithmetic and extensions of finite fields. - [Nearfields](BasicRings/Nearfields/index-nearfields.html): Nearfield construction, properties and element operations. - [Univariate Polynomial Rings](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/index-univariate-polynomial-rings.html): Univariate polynomial ring creation, operations and elements. - [Multivariate Polynomial Rings](BasicRings/MultivariatePolynomialRings/index-multivariate-polynomial-rings.html): Multivariate polynomial ring creation, operations and elements. - [Real and Complex Fields](BasicRings/RealAndComplexFields/index-real-and-complex-fields.html): Real and complex field creation, structure and element operations. ### [Matrices and Linear Algebra](MatricesLinearAlgebra/index-matrices-linear-algebra.html) - [Matrices](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/index-matrices.html): Creating matrices over rings and fields. - [Sparse Matrices](MatricesLinearAlgebra/SparseMatrices/index-sparse-matrices.html): Sparse matrix creation, access and entries. - [Vector Spaces](MatricesLinearAlgebra/VectorSpaces/index-vector-spaces.html): Bases, subspaces, quotients and inner products. - [Polar Spaces](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/index-polar-spaces.html): Reflexive sesquilinear and quadratic forms, and polar space structure. ## Number Theory ### [Lattices and Quadratic Forms](LatticesQuadraticForms/index-lattices-quadratic-forms.html) - [Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/index-lattices.html): Integer lattice construction, bases, reduction and enumeration. - [Lattices over Number Fields](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesOverNumberFields/index-lattices-over-number-fields.html): Lattices over number fields, including Lorentzian lattices. - [Lattices with Group Action](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesWithGroupAction/index-lattices-with-group-action.html): Lattices with a group action: automorphisms and isometries. - [Quadratic Forms](LatticesQuadraticForms/QuadraticForms/index-quadratic-forms.html): Quadratic forms: construction, local invariants and equivalence testing. - [Binary Quadratic Forms](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/index-binary-quadratic-forms.html): Binary quadratic forms: reduction, invariants and class groups. ### [Global Fields](GlobalFields/index-global-fields.html) - [Number Fields](GlobalFields/NumberFields/index-number-fields.html): Defining number fields, elements and embeddings. - [Quadratic Fields](GlobalFields/QuadraticFields/index-quadratic-fields.html): Quadratic field creation, structure and element operations. - [Cyclotomic Fields](GlobalFields/CyclotomicFields/index-cyclotomic-fields.html): Cyclotomic field creation, structure and element operations. - [Number Fields and Orders](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/index-number-fields-and-orders.html): Orders in number fields: creation, arithmetic and printing. - [Galois Groups and Automorphisms](GlobalFields/GaloisGroupsAndAutomorphisms/index-galois-groups-and-automorphisms.html): Automorphism groups, Galois groups, subfields and cohomology. - [Class Field Theory](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/index-class-field-theory.html): Abelian extensions, ray class fields and Galois module structure. - [Étale Algebras](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/index-etale-algebras.html): Étale algebra construction, attributes and homomorphisms. - [Dirichlet and Hecke Characters](GlobalFields/DirichletAndHeckeCharacters/index-dirichlet-and-hecke-characters.html): Dirichlet and Hecke character construction and properties. - [Algebraically Closed Fields](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/index-algebraically-closed-fields.html): Algebraically closed field representation, structure and creation. - [Rational Function Fields](GlobalFields/RationalFunctionFields/index-rational-function-fields.html): Rational function field creation, operations and elements. - [Algebraic Function Fields](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/index-algebraic-function-fields.html): Algebraic function field creation and structural invariants. - [Class Field Theory for Global Function Fields](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/index-class-field-theory-for-global-function-fields.html): Class groups, abelian extensions and Witt rings for function fields. - [Artin Representations](GlobalFields/ArtinRepresentations/index-artin-representations.html): Artin representation functions, invariants and arithmetic. ### [Local Fields](LocalFields/index-local-fields.html) - [p-adic Rings and Their Extensions](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/index-padic-rings-and-their-extensions.html): p-adic ring background, creation and extensions. - [General p-adic Extensions](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/index-general-padic-extensions.html): General p-adic extension construction, operations and maximal orders. - [Power, Laurent and Puiseux Series](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/index-power-laurent-and-puiseux-series.html): Power, Laurent and Puiseux series ring creation and operations. - [Lazy Power Series Rings](LocalFields/LazyPowerSeriesRings/index-lazy-power-series-rings.html): Lazy power series ring creation, operations and elements. - [Algebraic Power Series Rings](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/index-algebraic-power-series-rings.html): Algebraic power series ring construction and accessors. - [Valuation Rings](LocalFields/ValuationRings/index-valuation-rings.html): Valuation ring creation, structure and element operations. - [Galois Rings](LocalFields/GaloisRings/index-galois-rings.html): Galois ring creation, operations and elements. - [Newton Polygons](LocalFields/NewtonPolygons/index-newton-polygons.html): Newton polygon computation and applications to factorisation. - [Series Rings over p-adic Rings](LocalFields/SeriesRingsOverPAdicRings/index-series-rings-over-padic-rings.html): Series rings over p-adic rings, matrices and modules. - [Local Galois Representations](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/index-local-galois-representations.html): Local Galois representation functions, invariants and arithmetic. ## Groups ### [Finite Groups](FiniteGroups/index-finite-groups.html) - [Groups](FiniteGroups/Groups/index-groups.html): General group creation and standard group extension constructors. - [Permutation Groups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/index-permutation-groups.html): Permutation group constructors, operations and homomorphisms. - [Matrix Groups over General Rings](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverGeneralRings/index-matrix-groups-over-general-rings.html): General linear group creation, homomorphisms and element operations. - [Matrix Groups over Finite Fields](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverFiniteFields/index-matrix-groups-over-finite-fields.html): Element order, Monte Carlo methods and Aschbacher reduction. - [Matrix Groups over Infinite Fields](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/index-matrix-groups-over-infinite-fields.html): Congruence, finiteness and virtual membership tests. - [Matrix Groups over Q and Z](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/index-matrix-groups-over-qand-z.html): Invariant forms, endomorphisms and related constructions. - [Finite Soluble Groups](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/index-finite-soluble-groups.html): PC-group definition, properties and homomorphisms. - [Black-box Groups](FiniteGroups/BlackBoxGroups/index-black-box-groups.html): Black-box group creation, operations and element operations. - [Almost Simple Groups](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/index-almost-simple-groups.html): Double covers, standard constructions and group recognition. - [Databases of Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/index-databases-of-groups.html): Small groups, simple groups and p-group databases. - [Automorphism Groups](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/index-automorphism-groups.html): Automorphism group creation, access and order. - [Cohomology and Extensions](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/index-cohomology-and-extensions.html): Cohomology groups, structural invariants and group extensions. - [Reductive Groups](FiniteGroups/ReductiveGroups/index-reductive-groups.html): Reductive group creation, properties and operations. ### [Finitely Presented Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/index-finitely-presented-groups.html) - [Abelian Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/index-abelian-groups.html): Abelian group creation, generic abelian groups and elements. - [Free Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FreeGroups/index-free-groups.html): Free group creation, subgroups and automorphisms. - [Introduction to FP-Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/index-introduction-to-fpgroups.html): FP-group construction, properties and subgroups. - [Finitely Presented Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/index-fpgroups.html): FP-group construction, simplification and standard constructions. - [Polycyclic Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/index-polycyclic-groups.html): Polycyclic group construction, subgroups, quotients and conversion. - [Braid Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/BraidGroups/index-braid-groups.html): Braid group construction and element creation. - [Groups Defined by Rewrite Systems](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/index-groups-defined-by-rewrite-systems.html): Rewriting system creation, properties and arithmetic for groups. - [Automatic and Hyperbolic Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AutomaticAndHyperbolicGroups/index-automatic-and-hyperbolic-groups.html): Automatic groups and hyperbolic groups. - [Groups of Straight-line Programs](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/index-groups-of-straight-line-programs.html): Straight-line program group creation and operations. - [Finitely Presented Semigroups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/index-finitely-presented-semigroups.html): Semigroup presentation creation, operations and properties. - [Monoids Given by Rewrite Systems](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/index-monoids-given-by-rewrite-systems.html): Rewriting system creation, operations and homomorphisms for monoids. ### [Representation Theory](RepresentationTheory/index-representation-theory.html) - [Modules over an Algebra and Group Representations](RepresentationTheory/ModulesOverAnAlgebraAndGroupRepresentations/index-modules-over-an-algebra-and-group-representations.html): Modules over an algebra, K[G]-modules and the operation of a group on a module. - [Characters of Finite Groups](RepresentationTheory/CharactersOfFiniteGroups/index-characters-of-finite-groups.html): Character tables, character rings and Brauer characters. - [Representations of Symmetric Groups](RepresentationTheory/RepresentationsOfSymmetricGroups/index-representations-of-symmetric-groups.html): Specht modules, representations and characters of symmetric and alternating groups. - [Mod p Galois Representations](RepresentationTheory/ModPGaloisRepresentations/index-mod-pgalois-representations.html): Mod p Galois representations and their associated modules. - [Group Representations](RepresentationTheory/GroupRepresentations/index-group-representations.html): Creation, properties, operations and morphisms of group representations. ### [Lie Theory](LieTheory/index-lie-theory.html) - [Introduction to Lie Theory](LieTheory/Introduction/index-introduction.html): Overview of Lie theory in Magma. - [Coxeter Systems](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/index-coxeter-systems.html): Coxeter matrices, Coxeter graphs, Cartan matrices and Dynkin diagrams. - [Root Systems](LieTheory/RootSystems/index-root-systems.html): Root systems, Dynkin diagrams and Cartan matrices. - [Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/index-root-data.html): Root data, coroots, weights and related constructions. - [Coxeter Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/index-coxeter-groups.html): Coxeter group constructors, word arithmetic and Bruhat order. - [Reflection Groups](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/index-reflection-groups.html): Real and complex reflection groups and their properties. - [Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/index-lie-algebras.html): Structure constants, subalgebras, ideals and derivations. - [Kac-Moody Lie Algebras](LieTheory/KacMoodyLieAlgebras/index-kac-moody-lie-algebras.html): Construction and structural invariants of Kac-Moody Lie algebras. - [Quantum Groups](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/index-quantum-groups.html): Quantized enveloping algebras, their representations and Hopf structure. - [Groups of Lie Type](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/index-chevalley-groups.html): Groups of Lie type, Borel subgroups and parabolic subgroups. - [Representations of Lie Groups and Algebras](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/index-representations-of-lie-groups-and-algebras.html): Highest weight representations of Lie algebras and reductive algebraic groups. ## Algebra ### [Modules](Modules/index-modules.html) - [Introduction to Modules](Modules/IntroductionToModules/index-introduction-to-modules.html): Overview, definitions and presentations of modules. - [Free Modules](Modules/FreeModules/index-free-modules.html): Free modules, bases and rank. - [Modules over Dedekind Domains](Modules/ModulesOverDedekindDomains/index-modules-over-dedekind-domains.html): Creation, arithmetic, basis and homomorphisms of modules over Dedekind domains. - [Chain Complexes](Modules/ChainComplexes/index-chain-complexes.html): Ext, Tor and projective resolutions. - [Multilinear Algebra](Modules/MultilinearAlgebra/index-multilinear-algebra.html): Tensors, tensor spaces and multilinear invariants. ### [Algebras](Algebras/index-algebras.html) - [Algebras](Algebras/IntroductionToAlgebras/index-introduction-to-algebras.html): Overview, creation, substructures and general operations on algebras. - [Structure Constant Algebras](Algebras/StructureConstantAlgebras/index-structure-constant-algebras.html): Algebras defined by structure constants. - [Associative Algebras](Algebras/AssociativeAlgebras/index-associative-algebras.html): Structure, subalgebras, ideals and the Jacobson radical. - [Finitely Presented Algebras](Algebras/FinitelyPresentedAlgebras/index-finitely-presented-algebras.html): Algebras given by generators and relations. - [Matrix Algebras](Algebras/MatrixAlgebras/index-matrix-algebras.html): Matrix algebras: creation, substructures and extensions. - [Group Algebras](Algebras/GroupAlgebras/index-group-algebras.html): Group algebras: creation, substructures and element operations. - [Basic Algebras](Algebras/BasicAlgebras/index-basic-algebras.html): Basic algebras, gradings, idempotents and their homomorphisms. - [Quaternion Algebras](Algebras/QuaternionAlgebras/index-quaternion-algebras.html): Quaternion algebra constructors, maximal orders and splitting. - [Algebras with Involution](Algebras/AlgebrasWithInvolution/index-algebras-with-involution.html): Star algebras, involutions and their decompositions. - [Clifford Algebras](Algebras/CliffordAlgebras/index-clifford-algebras.html): Clifford algebras, involutions and spin groups. - [Non-associative Algebras](Algebras/NonAssociativeAlgebras/index-non-associative-algebras.html): Jordan algebras, alternative algebras and octonions. ### [Commutative Algebra](CommutativeAlgebra/index-commutative-algebra.html) - [Gröbner Bases](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/index-grobner-bases.html): Buchberger’s algorithm and Gröbner basis configuration. - [Polynomial Ring Ideal Operations](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/index-polynomial-ring-ideal-operations.html): Ideal creation, operations, varieties and multiplicities. - [Local Polynomial Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/index-local-polynomial-rings.html): Element orders, creation, Gröbner bases and ideal operations. - [Affine Algebras](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/index-affine-algebras.html): Affine algebra creation, operations and maps. - [Modules over Multivariate Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/index-modules-over-multivariate-rings.html): Module creation, order, embedded components and homomorphisms. - [Invariant Theory](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/index-invariant-theory.html): Invariant rings, group actions and permutation/matrix invariants. - [Differential Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/index-differential-rings.html): Differential rings and the Galois theory of linear differential equations. ## Geometry ### [Algebraic Geometry](AlgebraicGeometry/index-algebraic-geometry.html) - [Schemes](AlgebraicGeometry/Schemes/index-schemes.html): Ambient spaces, scheme creation and basic scheme operations. - [Coherent Sheaves](AlgebraicGeometry/Sheaves/index-sheaves.html): Sheaf creation, accessors and sheaf homomorphisms. - [Algebraic Curves](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/index-algebraic-curves.html): Curve ambients, local and global properties, and maps between curves. - [Resolution Graphs and Splice Diagrams](AlgebraicGeometry/ResolutionGraphsAndSpliceDiagrams/index-resolution-graphs-and-splice-diagrams.html): Resolution graphs, splice diagrams and translation between them. - [Algebraic Surfaces](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicSurfaces/index-algebraic-surfaces.html): Surface schemes, resolution by blow-up and surfaces in projective space. - [Riemann Surfaces](AlgebraicGeometry/RiemannSurfaces/index-riemann-surfaces.html): Riemann surface creation, points, divisors and the Abel-Jacobi map. - [Hilbert Series of Polarised Varieties](AlgebraicGeometry/HilbertSeriesOfPolarisedVarieties/index-hilbert-series-of-polarised-varieties.html): Hilbert series, baskets of singularities and polarised varieties. - [Toric Varieties](AlgebraicGeometry/ToricVarieties/index-toric-varieties.html): Toric fans, cones, Cox rings and toric divisors. ### [Arithmetic Geometry](ArithmeticGeometry/index-arithmetic-geometry.html) - [Rational Curves and Conics](ArithmeticGeometry/RationalCurvesAndConics/index-rational-curves-and-conics.html): Rational curves and conics: models and rational points. - [Elliptic Curves](ArithmeticGeometry/EllipticCurves/index-elliptic-curves.html): Elliptic curve creation, arithmetic and the function field. - [Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields](ArithmeticGeometry/EllipticCurvesOverFiniteFields/index-elliptic-curves-over-finite-fields.html): Supersingular curves, point counting, group structure and pairings. - [Elliptic Curves over Q and Number Fields](ArithmeticGeometry/EllipticCurvesOverQAndNumberFields/index-elliptic-curves-over-qand-number-fields.html): Curves over number fields and p-adic fields, and Mordell-Weil groups. - [Elliptic Curves over Function Fields](ArithmeticGeometry/EllipticCurvesOverFunctionFields/index-elliptic-curves-over-function-fields.html): Curve search, heights and torsion over function fields. - [Models of Genus One Curves](ArithmeticGeometry/ModelsOfGenusOneCurves/index-models-of-genus-one-curves.html): Genus one curve models, transformations and equivalence. - [Plane Quartics](ArithmeticGeometry/PlaneQuartics/index-plane-quartics.html): Quartic invariants, reconstruction from invariants, and twists. - [Hyperelliptic Curves](ArithmeticGeometry/HyperellipticCurves/index-hyperelliptic-curves.html): Hyperelliptic curve models and divisor arithmetic. - [Hypergeometric Motives](ArithmeticGeometry/HypergeometricMotives/index-hypergeometric-motives.html): Hypergeometric motives and Jacobi motives. - [L-Functions](ArithmeticGeometry/LFunctions/index-lfunctions.html): Built-in and general L-series, and their invariants. ### [Modular Arithmetic Geometry](ModularArithmeticGeometry/index-modular-arithmetic-geometry.html) - [Modular Curves](ModularArithmeticGeometry/ModularCurves/index-modular-curves.html): Modular curve creation and attributes. - [Small Modular Curves](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/index-small-modular-curves.html): Explicit models, projections and automorphisms of small modular curves. - [Congruence Subgroups of PSL2(R)](ModularArithmeticGeometry/CongruenceSubgroupsOfPSL2R/index-congruence-subgroups-of-psl2-r.html): Congruence subgroups, their structure and group elements. - [Arithmetic Fuchsian Groups and Shimura Curves](ModularArithmeticGeometry/ArithmeticFuchsianGroupsAndShimuraCurves/index-arithmetic-fuchsian-groups-and-shimura-curves.html): Fuchsian groups, fundamental domains and triangle groups. - [Modular Forms](ModularArithmeticGeometry/ModularForms/index-modular-forms.html): Spaces of modular forms, bases and q-expansions. - [Modular Symbols](ModularArithmeticGeometry/ModularSymbols/index-modular-symbols.html): Modular symbols spaces, creation and bases. - [Brandt Modules](ModularArithmeticGeometry/BrandtModules/index-brandt-modules.html): Brandt modules, subspaces and Hecke operators. - [Supersingular Divisors on Modular Curves](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SupersingularDivisorsOnModularCurves/index-supersingular-divisors-on-modular-curves.html): Supersingular divisors: creation, basis and properties. - [Modular Abelian Varieties](ModularArithmeticGeometry/ModularAbelianVarieties/index-modular-abelian-varieties.html): Modular abelian varieties, homology and morphisms. - [Hilbert Modular Forms](ModularArithmeticGeometry/HilbertModularForms/index-hilbert-modular-forms.html): Hilbert modular forms: creation and basic properties. - [Modular Forms over Imaginary Quadratic Fields](ModularArithmeticGeometry/ModularFormsOverImaginaryQuadraticFields/index-modular-forms-over-imaginary-quadratic-fields.html): Bianchi modular forms, basic properties and Hecke operators. - [Algebraic Modular Forms](ModularArithmeticGeometry/AlgebraicModularForms/index-algebraic-modular-forms.html): Algebraic modular forms: creation, properties and elements. - [Representations of Local Fields](ModularArithmeticGeometry/RepresentationsOfLocalFields/index-representations-of-local-fields.html): Admissible representations of GL\ :sub:2\ (Q\ :sub:p\ ) and local Langlands. ### [Topology](Topology/index-topology.html) - [Simplicial Homology](Topology/SimplicialHomology/index-simplicial-homology.html): Finite simplicial complexes, construction, and homology computation. ### [Geometry](Geometry/index-geometry.html) - [Finite Planes](Geometry/FinitePlanes/index-finite-planes.html): Point-line sets, incidence and support in finite planes. - [Incidence Geometry](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/index-incidence-geometry.html): Incidence structures, residues and their conversion between representations. - [Convex Polytopes and Polyhedra](Geometry/Polytopes/index-polytopes.html): Convex polytopes, faces, f-vectors and symmetry groups. ## Applications ### [Combinatorics](Combinatorics/index-combinatorics.html) - [Enumerative Combinatorics](Combinatorics/EnumerativeCombinatorics/index-enumerative-combinatorics.html): Combinatorial counting, partitions and subset enumeration. - [Partitions, Words and Young Tableaux](Combinatorics/PartitionsWordsTableaux/index-partitions-words-tableaux.html): Words, partitions and Young tableaux. - [Symmetric Functions](Combinatorics/SymmetricFunctions/index-symmetric-functions.html): The algebra of symmetric functions: creation, operations and matrix representations. - [Incidence Structures and Designs](Combinatorics/Designs/index-designs.html): Block designs, Latin squares and t-designs. - [Hadamard Matrices](Combinatorics/HadamardMatrices/index-hadamard-matrices.html): Hadamard matrices, their construction and equivalence testing. - [Graphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/index-graphs.html): Graph constructors, adjacency, traversal, colouring, cliques and independent sets. - [Multigraphs](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/index-multigraphs.html): Multigraph construction, decorations, connectivity, spanning trees and shortest paths. - [Networks](Combinatorics/Networks/index-networks.html): Network construction and flow algorithms. ### [Coding Theory](CodingTheory/index-coding-theory.html) - [Linear Codes over Finite Fields](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/index-linear-codes.html): Linear code constructors, generator matrices and parameters. - [Algebraic-Geometric Codes](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/index-algebraic-geometric-codes.html): Codes constructed from algebraic curves, and their decoding. - [Low Density Parity Check Codes](CodingTheory/LowDensityParityCheckCodes/index-low-density-parity-check-codes.html): LDPC code construction and properties. - [Linear Codes over Finite Rings](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/index-linear-codes-over-finite-rings.html): Linear codes over finite rings: creation, subcodes and Boolean operations. - [Linear Codes over the Integer Residue Ring Z4](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/index-linear-codes-over-z4.html): Linear codes over :math:\mathbb{Z}_4, invariants, weight enumerators and decoding. - [Additive Codes](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/index-additive-codes.html): Additive code constructors, subcodes and Boolean operations. - [Quantum Codes](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/index-quantum-codes.html): Quantum error-correcting codes, inner products and code combination. ### [Cryptography](Cryptography/index-cryptography.html) - [Pseudo-random Bit Sequences](Cryptography/PseudoRandomBitSequences/index-pseudo-random-bit-sequences.html): Generation and testing of pseudo-random bit sequences. ### [Optimization](Optimization/index-optimization.html) - [Linear Programming](Optimization/LinearProgramming/index-linear-programming.html): Linear programming problem construction and solution. ## Additional Pages - [Page Not Found](404.html) - [Ambient Spaces](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/ambients.html) - [Minimal Degree Functions and Plane Models](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/arith-2.html) - [Curves over Global Fields](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/arith.html) - [Automorphism Groups of Curves](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/crv_isos.html) - [Algebraic Curves](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/curves.html) - [Divisors](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/divisors.html) - [First Examples](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/examples1.html) - [Advanced Examples](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/examples2.html) - [Function Fields](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/function_field.html) - [Global Geometry](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/global-curvepl.html) - [Linear Equivalence of Divisors](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/linear-equivalence.html) - [Local Geometry](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/local-curve.html) - [Maps and Curves](AlgebraicGeometry/AlgebraicCurves/maps-crvpl.html) - 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[Ideal Operations](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/ideal-ops.html) - [Ideals of \({\mathbb{Z}}\)](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/integer-ideals.html) - [Introduction](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/introduction.html) - [\({\mathbb{Z}}\) as a Number Field Order](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/number-field-like.html) - [Residue Class Rings](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/residue-class-rings.html) - [The Unit Group](BasicRings/ResidueClassRings/unit-group.html) - [Common Divisors and Common Multiples](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/common.html) - [Creation Functions](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/creation.html) - [Factorization](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/factorization.html) - [Special Families of Polynomials](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/families-polynomials.html) - [Polynomials over Finite Fields](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/finitefields.html) - [Ideals and Quotient Rings](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/ideal-quotient.html) - [Polynomials over the Integers](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/integer.html) - [Introduction](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/introduction.html) - [Element Operations](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/operation-element.html) - [Structure Operations](BasicRings/UnivariatePolynomialRings/operation.html) - [Properties of Codes](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/Boolean.html) - [Invariants of an Additive Code](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/access.html) - [Automorphism Group](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/additive-automorphisms.html) - [Construction of Additive Codes](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/creation.html) - [Operations on Codewords](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/element.html) - [Families of Linear Codes](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/families.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/introduction.html) - [New Codes from Old](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/operation.html) - [The Weight Distribution](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/structural.html) - [Subcodes](CodingTheory/AdditiveCodes/subcode.html) - [Access Functions](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/access.html) - [Creation of an Algebraic Geometric Code](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/creation.html) - [Toric Codes](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/decode-2.html) - [Decoding AG Codes](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/decode.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/introduction.html) - [Properties of AG–Codes](CodingTheory/AlgebraicGeometricCodes/properties.html) - [Properties of Codes](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/Boolean.html) - [Invariants of a Code](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/access.html) - [Best Known Linear Codes](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/best-codes.html) - [Bounds](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/bound.html) - [Coding Theory and Cryptography](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/codingcrypto.html) - [Coset Leaders](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/coset-leader.html) - [Construction of Codes](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/creation.html) - [Decoding](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/decoding.html) - [Operations on Codewords](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/element.html) - [Families of Linear Codes](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/families.html) - [Automorphism Groups](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/group-action.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/introduction.html) - [New Codes from Existing](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/operation.html) - [The Weight Distribution](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/structural.html) - [Subcodes](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/subcode.html) - [Transforms](CodingTheory/LinearCodes/transforms.html) - [Boolean Predicates](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/Boolean.html) - [Invariants](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/access.html) - [Constructions](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/creation.html) - [Codeword Operations](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/element.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/introduction.html) - [New Codes from Old](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/operation.html) - [Subcodes](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/subcode.html) - [Weight Distributions](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/weight-distribution.html) - [Weight Enumerators](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverFiniteRings/weight-enumerator.html) - [Automorphism Groups](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/aut_group.html) - [Constructions for \({\mathbb{Z}}_4\) Codes](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/constructions.html) - [Decoding](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/decoding.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/introduction.html) - [Weight Distributions](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/weight-distribution.html) - [Weight Enumerators](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/weight-enumerator.html) - [Invariants](CodingTheory/LinearCodesOverZ4/z4-invar.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/LowDensityParityCheckCodes/introduction.html) - [Access Functions](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/access.html) - [Automorphism Group](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/additive-automorphisms.html) - [Best Known Bounds](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/best-known-quantum-bounds.html) - [Best Known Quantum Codes](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/best-known-quantum-codes.html) - [New Codes From Old](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/combining-codes.html) - [Constructing Quantum Codes](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/creation.html) - [Hilbert Spaces](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/hilbert-space.html) - [Inner Products and Duals](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/inner-products.html) - [Introduction](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/introduction.html) - [Weight Distribution and Minimum Weight](CodingTheory/QuantumCodes/weight-distribution.html) - [The Automorphism Group of an Incidence Structure](Combinatorics/Designs/automorphism-group.html) - [Elementary Properties of Incidence Structures and Designs](Combinatorics/Designs/boolean.html) - [Conversion Functions](Combinatorics/Designs/conversion.html) - [Construction of Incidence Structures and Designs](Combinatorics/Designs/creation.html) - [Elementary Invariants of a Design](Combinatorics/Designs/design-invariant.html) - [Identity and Isomorphism](Combinatorics/Designs/equality.html) - [Incidence Structures, Graphs and Codes](Combinatorics/Designs/graph-code.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/Designs/introduction.html) - [Elementary Invariants of an Incidence Structure](Combinatorics/Designs/invariant.html) - [Automorphisms of Matrices](Combinatorics/Designs/matrix-aut.html) - [Operations on Points and Blocks](Combinatorics/Designs/operation-point-block.html) - [General Design Constructions](Combinatorics/Designs/operation.html) - [The Point-Set and Block-Set of an Incidence Structure](Combinatorics/Designs/point-block-set.html) - [Resolutions, Parallelisms and Parallel Classes](Combinatorics/Designs/resolutions.html) - [Combinatorial Functions](Combinatorics/EnumerativeCombinatorics/combinatorics.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/EnumerativeCombinatorics/introduction.html) - [Subsets of a Finite Set](Combinatorics/EnumerativeCombinatorics/subsets.html) - [Elementary Graph Predicates](Combinatorics/Graphs/Boolean.html) - [Adjacency and Degree](Combinatorics/Graphs/adjacency-degree.html) - [Automorphism Group of a Graph or Digraph](Combinatorics/Graphs/automorphism-group-graph.html) - [Cliques, Independent Sets](Combinatorics/Graphs/clique-independent-set.html) - [Colourings](Combinatorics/Graphs/colouring.html) - [Connectedness](Combinatorics/Graphs/connectedness-path-circuit.html) - [Converting between Graphs and Digraphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/conversion-graph-digraph.html) - [Directed Trees](Combinatorics/Graphs/directed-tree.html) - [Maximum Flow, Minimum Cut, and Shortest Paths](Combinatorics/Graphs/flow.html) - [Graph Databases and Graph Generation](Combinatorics/Graphs/graph-databases.html) - [Construction of Graphs and Digraphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/graph-digraph.html) - [Construction from Groups, Codes and Designs](Combinatorics/Graphs/group-code-design.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/Graphs/introduction.html) - [Elementary Invariants of a Graph](Combinatorics/Graphs/invariant.html) - [Labelled, Capacitated and Weighted Graphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/labels.html) - [Matrices and Vector Spaces Associated with a Graph or Digraph](Combinatorics/Graphs/matrix-vector-space.html) - [Standard Constructions for Graphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/operation.html) - [Distances, Paths and Circuits in a Graph](Combinatorics/Graphs/path-circuit-graph.html) - [Planar Graphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/planarity.html) - [Spanning Trees of a Graph or Digraph](Combinatorics/Graphs/spanning-tree.html) - [Graphs with a Sparse Representation](Combinatorics/Graphs/sparse-graphs.html) - [Symmetry and Regularity Properties of Graphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/symmetry-regularity.html) - [Unions and Products of Graphs](Combinatorics/Graphs/union-product.html) - [The Vertex–Set and Edge–Set of a Graph](Combinatorics/Graphs/vertex-edge-set.html) - [Associated \(3\)-Designs](Combinatorics/HadamardMatrices/designs.html) - [Databases](Combinatorics/HadamardMatrices/hadamard-database.html) - [Automorphism Group](Combinatorics/HadamardMatrices/hadamard-misc.html) - [Equivalence Testing](Combinatorics/HadamardMatrices/hadamard.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/HadamardMatrices/introduction.html) - [Adjacency and Degree](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-adj-deg.html) - [Connectedness](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-connectedness.html) - [Construction of Multigraphs](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-constr.html) - [Conversion Functions](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-conversion.html) - [Vertex and Edge Decorations](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-decorations.html) - [Elementary Invariants and Predicates for Multigraphs](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-elem.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-introduction.html) - [Standard Construction for Multigraphs](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-stand-constr.html) - [The Vertex–Set and Edge–Set of Multigraphs](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/multig-vertex-edge-set.html) - [Planar Graphs](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/planarity.html) - [Distances, Shortest Paths and Minimum Weight Trees](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/shortest-paths.html) - [Spanning Trees](Combinatorics/Multigraphs/spanning-tree.html) - [Maximum Flow and Minimum Cut](Combinatorics/Networks/flow.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/Networks/introduction.html) - [Construction of Networks](Combinatorics/Networks/network-constr.html) - [Standard Construction for Networks](Combinatorics/Networks/network-stand-constr.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/PartitionsWordsTableaux/introduction.html) - [Partitions](Combinatorics/PartitionsWordsTableaux/partitions.html) - [Tableaux](Combinatorics/PartitionsWordsTableaux/tableaux.html) - [Words](Combinatorics/PartitionsWordsTableaux/words.html) - [Creation](Combinatorics/SymmetricFunctions/creation.html) - [Introduction](Combinatorics/SymmetricFunctions/introduction.html) - [Transition Matrices](Combinatorics/SymmetricFunctions/matrices.html) - [Element Operations](Combinatorics/SymmetricFunctions/operation-element.html) - [Structure Operations](Combinatorics/SymmetricFunctions/operation.html) - [Maps between Affine Algebras](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/affine-algebra-maps.html) - [Creation of Affine Algebras](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/creation.html) - [Affine Algebras which are Fields](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/field.html) - [Finite Dimensional Affine Algebras](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/finite-dimension-quotient.html) - [Rings and Fields of Fractions of Affine Algebras](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/fractions.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/introduction.html) - [Operations on Affine Algebras](CommutativeAlgebra/AffineAlgebras/operations.html) - [Changing Related Structures](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/changing-attributes-diff-op-rings.html) - [Changing Related Structures](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/changing-attributes-diff-rings.html) - [Differential Operator Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/creation-diff-op-rings.html) - [Differential Rings and Fields](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/creation-diff-rings.html) - [Element Operations on Differential Operators](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/element-operations-diff-op-rings.html) - [Element Operations on Differential Ring Elements](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/element-operations.html) - [Euclidean Algorithms, GCDs and LCMs](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/euclidean-algorithms.html) - [Ring and Field Extensions](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/extensions-ring-diff.html) - [Ideals and Quotient Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/ideal-quotient-ring.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/introduction.html) - [Newton Polygons](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/newton-polygon.html) - [Factorisation of Operators over Differential Laurent Series Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/operators-factorisation-over-laurent-series-ring.html) - [Differential Operators of Algebraic Functions](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/operators-of-functions.html) - [Rational Solutions](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/rational-sols.html) - [Related Maps](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/related-maps-diff-op-rings.html) - [Related Matrices](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/related-matrix.html) - [Singular Places and Indicial Polynomials](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/singularities.html) - [Structure Operations on Differential Operator Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/structure-operations-diff-op-rings.html) - [Structure Operations on Differential Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/structure-operations-diff-rings.html) - [Symmetric Powers](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/symmetric-power.html) - [Wronskian Matrix](CommutativeAlgebra/DifferentialRings/wronskians.html) - [Changing Monomial Order](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/change-order.html) - [Changing Coefficient Ring](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/change-ring.html) - [Polynomial Rings and Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/creation.html) - [Gröbner Bases](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/groebner.html) - [Hilbert-driven Gröbner Basis Construction](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/hilbert-groebner.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/introduction.html) - [Representation and Monomial Orders](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/order.html) - [SAT solver](CommutativeAlgebra/GrobnerBases/sat.html) - [The Algebra of an Invariant Ring and Algebraic Relations](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/algebra-relations.html) - [Algebraic Group Actions on Polynomials](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/algebraic.html) - [Attributes of Invariant Rings and Fields](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/attributes.html) - [Fundamental Invariants](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/fundamental.html) - [Construction of \(G\)-modules](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/gmodule.html) - [Group Actions on Polynomials](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/group-action.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/introduction.html) - [Invariant Fields](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/invariant-field.html) - [Invariant Rings of Linear Algebraic Groups](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/invariant-ring-algebraic.html) - [Invariant Rings of Finite Groups](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/invariant-ring.html) - [Construction of Invariants of Specified Degree](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/invariants.html) - [Matrix Group Actions on Polynomials](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/matrix.html) - [Minimalization and Homogeneous Module Testing](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/minimalize-module.html) - [The Module of an Invariant Ring](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/module.html) - [Molien Series](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/molien.html) - [Permutation Group Actions on Polynomials](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/permutation.html) - [Primary Invariants](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/primary.html) - [Properties of Invariant Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/properties.html) - [Secondary Invariants](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/secondary.html) - [Steenrod Operations](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/steenrod.html) - [Invariants of the Symmetric Group](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/symmetric.html) - [Verbosity](CommutativeAlgebra/InvariantTheory/verbose.html) - [Changing Monomial Order](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/change-order.html) - [Changing Coefficient Ring](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/change-ring.html) - [Local Polynomial Rings and Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/creation.html) - [Dimension of Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/dimension.html) - [Elements and Local Monomial Orders](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/elements-order.html) - [Standard Bases](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/groebner.html) - [Operations on Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/ideal-operation.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/LocalPolynomialRings/introduction.html) - [Tensor Products and Tor](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/Tensor.html) - [Basic Module Constructions](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/basic_mod_cons.html) - [Changing Ring](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/change-ring.html) - [Cohomology Of Coherent Sheaves](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/cohomology.html) - [Basic Creation and Access](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/creation-access.html) - [Module Basics: Embedded and Reduced Modules](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/embedded-reduced.html) - [Free Resolutions](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/free-resolution.html) - [Hilbert Series](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/hilbert.html) - [The Hom Module and Ext](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/hom-module-and-ext.html) - [The Homomorphism Type](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/homomorphism-type.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/introduction.html) - [Module Operations](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/operations.html) - [Monomial Orders](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/order.html) - [Predicates](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/predicates.html) - [Submodules and Quotient Modules](CommutativeAlgebra/ModulesOverMultivariateRings/sub-quo.html) - [Functions for Polynomial Algebra and Module Generators](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/algebra-module.html) - [Dimension of Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/dimension.html) - [Creation of Polynomial Rings and their Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/dpoly_ideal_create.html) - [Elimination](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/elimination.html) - [Extension and Contraction of Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/extension-contraction.html) - [Hilbert Series and Hilbert Polynomial](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/hilbert.html) - [Homogenization of Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/homogenization.html) - [First Operations on Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/ideal-operation.html) - [Introduction](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/introduction.html) - [Maps between Rings](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/maps.html) - [Multiplicities](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/multiplicities.html) - [Normalisation and Noether Normalisation](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/normalisations.html) - [Radical and Decomposition of Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/radical-decomposition.html) - [Symmetric Polynomials](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/symmetric.html) - [Syzygies](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/syzygy-matrix.html) - [Variable Extension of Ideals](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/variable-extension.html) - [Computation of Varieties](CommutativeAlgebra/PolynomialRingIdealOperations/variety.html) - [Correlation Functions](Cryptography/PseudoRandomBitSequences/correlation.html) - [Introduction](Cryptography/PseudoRandomBitSequences/introduction.html) - [Linear Feedback Shift Registers](Cryptography/PseudoRandomBitSequences/lfsr.html) - [Decimation](Cryptography/PseudoRandomBitSequences/misc.html) - [Number Theoretic Bit Generators](Cryptography/PseudoRandomBitSequences/ntbg.html) - [Automorphism Groups of Finite Simple Groups](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/autgpsimgpss.html) - [Double Covers of the Alternating and Symmetric Groups](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/double-covers-alt-sym.html) - [Group Recognition](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/group-recognition.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/introduction.html) - [Properties of Finite Groups Of Lie Type](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/properties-lie-groups.html) - [Atlas Data for the Sporadic Groups](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/related.html) - [Creating Finite Groups of Lie Type](FiniteGroups/AlmostSimpleGroups/standard.html) - [Access Functions](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/access.html) - [Stored Attributes of an Automorphism Group](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/attributes.html) - [Creation of Automorphism Groups](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/creation.html) - [Automorphisms](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/element.html) - [Holomorphs](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/holomorphs.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/introduction.html) - [Order Functions](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/order.html) - [Representations of an Automorphism Group](FiniteGroups/AutomorphismGroups/representations.html) - [Construction of an SLP-Group and its Elements](FiniteGroups/BlackBoxGroups/creation.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/BlackBoxGroups/introduction.html) - [Operations on Elements](FiniteGroups/BlackBoxGroups/operation-element.html) - [Arithmetic with Elements](FiniteGroups/BlackBoxGroups/operation.html) - [Set-Theoretic Operations](FiniteGroups/BlackBoxGroups/set.html) - [Cocycles](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/cocycles.html) - [Calculating Cohomology](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/cohomology-groups.html) - [Creation of a Cohomology Module](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/creation.html) - [Constructing Distinct Extensions](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/extensions-2.html) - [Constructing Extensions](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/extensions.html) - [Finite Group Cohomology](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/group-cohomology.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/intro.html) - [Other Operations on Cohomology Modules](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/other-operations.html) - [The Restriction to a Subgroup](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/restriction.html) - [Accessing Properties of the Cohomology Module](FiniteGroups/CohomologyAndExtensions/structure-invar.html) - [Fundamental Groups of 3-Manifolds](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/3-manifolds-database.html) - [Database of ATLAS Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/ATLAS-database.html) - [Automatic Groups of 3-Manifolds](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/automatic-group-database.html) - [Database of Integral Maximal Finite Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/intgps.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/introduction.html) - [Database of Irreducible Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/irrgp-data.html) - [Database of Soluble Irreducible Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/isolgps-database.html) - [The \(p\)-groups of Order Dividing \(p^7\)](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/p-groups.html) - [Database of Perfect Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/pfgps.html) - [Database of Primitive Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/primgp-data.html) - [Database of Quasisimple Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/quasisimplematgp-data.html) - [Database of Finite Quaternionic Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/quatgps.html) - [Database of Rational Maximal Finite Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/ratgps.html) - [Metacyclic \(p\)-groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/search.html) - [Database of Almost-Simple Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/sgdb.html) - [Database of Simple Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/simgps-database.html) - [Database of Small Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/smlgps-database.html) - [Database of Finite Symplectic Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/symplgps.html) - [Database of Transitive Groups](FiniteGroups/DatabasesOfGroups/transgp-data.html) - [Automorphism Group](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/automorphism-group.html) - [Central Extensions](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/central-extensions.html) - [Representation Theory](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/character-representation.html) - [Cosets](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/cosets.html) - [Creation of a Group](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/definition.html) - [Elements](FiniteGroups/FiniteSolubleGroups/elements.html) - 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[Introduction](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverGeneralRings/introduction.html) - [Operations on Matrices](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverGeneralRings/operation-element.html) - [Quotient Groups](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverGeneralRings/quotient.html) - [Soluble Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverGeneralRings/soluble-matrix-group.html) - [Subgroups](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverGeneralRings/subgroups.html) - [Overview](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/Overview.html) - [Construction of Congruence Homomorphisms](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/congruence.html) - [Examples](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/examples.html) - [Testing Finiteness](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/finite-test.html) - [Hirsch Number and Pr{üfer Rank](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/hirsch_rank.html) - [Other Functions for Nilpotent Matrix Groups](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/nilpotent_groups.html) - [Other Properties of Linear Groups](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/other-properties.html) - [Deciding Virtual Properties of Linear Groups](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverInfiniteFields/virtual_tests.html) - [Conjugacy](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Conjugacy.html) - [Conjugacy Tests for Matrices](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Conjugacy_Matrices.html) - [Endomorphisms](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Endomorphisms.html) - [Examples](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Examples.html) - [Perfect Forms and Normalizers](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Normalizer.html) - [New Groups From Others](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Others.html) - [Overview](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/Overview.html) - [Invariant Forms](FiniteGroups/MatrixGroupsOverQAndZ/forms.html) - [Base and Strong Generating Set](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/BSGS-base-strong-generator.html) - [Permutation Group Actions](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/actions.html) - [Automorphism Groups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/automorphisms.html) - [Building Permutation Groups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/building-groups.html) - [Ordering of Permutation Groups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/canonical-gens.html) - [Representation Theory](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/character-representation.html) - [Normal and Subnormal Subgroups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/characteristic-subgroup-normal-structure.html) - [Cohomology](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/cohomology.html) - [Conjugacy](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/conjugate.html) - [Cosets and Transversals](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/cosets-transversals.html) - [Creation of a Permutation Group](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/creation-symmetric.html) - [Permutation Group Databases](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/databases.html) - [Homomorphisms](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/homomorphism.html) - [Identification](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/identification.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/introduction.html) - [Permutation Representations of Linear Groups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/linear-group.html) - [Elementary Properties of a Group](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/operation.html) - [Ordered Partition Stacks](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/ordered-partn-stack.html) - [Permutations](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/permutations.html) - [Presentations](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/presentations.html) - [Quotient Groups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/quotient.html) - [Subgroups](FiniteGroups/PermutationGroups/subgroup.html) - [Creation of Reductive Groups](FiniteGroups/ReductiveGroups/creation.html) - [Elements of Reductive Groups](FiniteGroups/ReductiveGroups/elements.html) - [Introduction](FiniteGroups/ReductiveGroups/introduction.html) - [Operations on Reductive Groups](FiniteGroups/ReductiveGroups/ops.html) - [Properties of Reductive Groups](FiniteGroups/ReductiveGroups/properties.html) - [Automorphism Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/autgp.html) - [Representation Theory](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/character-representation.html) - [Cohomology](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/cohomology.html) - [Coset Spaces](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/coset-space.html) - [Construction of a Finitely Presented Abelian Group and its Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/creation.html) - [Canonical Decomposition](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/decomposition.html) - [Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/elements.html) - [Construction of a Generic Abelian Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/generic-abelian.html) - [General Group Properties](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/group-Boolean.html) - [The Hom Functor](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/hom.html) - [Homomorphisms](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/homomorphisms.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/introduction.html) - [Invariants of an Abelian Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/invariant.html) - [Operations on Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/operation-element.html) - [Set-Theoretic Operations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/set.html) - [Standard Constructions and Conversions](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/standard-construction.html) - [Subgroup Chains](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/subgroup-chains.html) - [Subgroup Constructions](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/subgroup-constructions.html) - [Construction of Subgroups and Quotient Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AbelianGroups/subgroup-quotient.html) - [Automatic Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AutomaticAndHyperbolicGroups/automatic-groups.html) - [Hyperbolic Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AutomaticAndHyperbolicGroups/hyperbolic-groups.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/AutomaticAndHyperbolicGroups/introduction.html) - [Constructing and Accessing Braid Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/BraidGroups/braid-groups-construction.html) - [Creating Elements of a Braid Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/BraidGroups/braid-groups-element-creation.html) - [Working with Elements of a Braid Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/BraidGroups/braid-groups-elements.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/BraidGroups/braid-groups-introduction.html) - [Homomorphisms](FinitelyPresentedGroups/BraidGroups/homomorphism.html) - [Coset Spaces and Tables](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/coset-space-table.html) - [Some Developed Examples](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/developed-examples.html) - [Finite FP-Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/finite-fp-groups.html) - [Construction of an FP-Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/fp-group-construction.html) - [Properties of an FP-Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/fp-group-properties.html) - [Homomorphisms](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/homomorphism.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/introduction.html) - [\(KG\)-Modules](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/kg-modules.html) - [Quotient Group Methods](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/quotient.html) - [Simplification](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/simplification.html) - [Standard Constructions](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/standard.html) - [Subgroups of Finite Index](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/subgroup-fin-index.html) - [Subgroups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FPGroups/subgroup-general.html) - [The Construction of Free Semigroups and their Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/creation.html) - [Extensions](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/extension.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/introduction.html) - [Elementary Tietze Transformations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/modification-Tietze.html) - [String Operations on Words](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/operation-element.html) - [Elementary Operators for Words](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/operation.html) - [Specification of a Presentation](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/presentation.html) - [Subsemigroups, Ideals and Quotients](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FinitelyPresentedSemigroups/subsemigroup-ideal-quotient.html) - [The Automorphism Group of a Free Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FreeGroups/autfree.html) - [Free Groups and Words](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FreeGroups/creation.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FreeGroups/introduction.html) - [Finitely Generated Subgroups of Free Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/FreeGroups/subfree.html) - [Operations on the Set of Group Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/Set.html) - [Arithmetic with Words](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/arithmetic.html) - [Conversion to a Finitely Presented Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/conversion.html) - [Constructing Confluent Presentations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/creation.html) - [Homomorphisms](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/homomorphism.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/introduction.html) - [Properties of a Rewrite Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsDefinedByRewriteSystems/properties.html) - [Construction of an SLP-Group and its Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/creation.html) - [Addition of Extra Generators](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/extra-generators.html) - [Creating Homomorphisms](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/homomorphisms.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/introduction.html) - [Operations on Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/operation-element.html) - [Arithmetic with Elements](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/operation.html) - [Set-Theoretic Operations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/GroupsOfStraightLinePrograms/set.html) - [Finite FP-Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/Finite.html) - [Properties of an FP-group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/Properties.html) - [Construction of FP-Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/fp-group-construction.html) - [Homomorphisms of FP-Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/homomorphism.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/introduction.html) - [Quotient Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/quotient.html) - [Subgroups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/IntroductionToFPGroups/subgroup-general.html) - [Set Operations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/Set.html) - [Conversion to a Finitely Presented Monoid](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/conversion.html) - [Construction of a Rewrite Monoid](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/creation.html) - [Homomorphisms](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/homomorphism.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/introduction.html) - [Basic Operations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/MonoidsGivenByRewriteSystems/operation.html) - [Access Functions for Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/access.html) - [Normal Structure and Characteristic Subgroups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/characteristic-subgroup-normal-structure.html) - [Conjugacy](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/conjugate.html) - [Conversion between Categories](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/conversion.html) - [Coset Spaces](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/coset-space.html) - [General Group Properties](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/group-boolean.html) - [Introduction](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/introduction.html) - [Polycyclic Groups and Polycyclic Presentations](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/polycyclic-groups.html) - [Power Groups](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/power-group.html) - [Representation Theory](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/representation-theory.html) - [Set-Theoretic Operations in a Group](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/set.html) - [Subgroups, Quotient Groups, Homomorphisms and Extensions](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/subgroup-quotient-homomorphism-extension.html) - [The Subgroup Structure](FinitelyPresentedGroups/PolycyclicGroups/subgroup-structure.html) - [Structures Associated with a Plane](Geometry/FinitePlanes/access.html) - [Arcs](Geometry/FinitePlanes/arc.html) - [Properties of Planes](Geometry/FinitePlanes/boolean.html) - [The Collineation Group of a Plane](Geometry/FinitePlanes/collineation-group.html) - [Construction of a Plane](Geometry/FinitePlanes/creation.html) - [Planes and Designs](Geometry/FinitePlanes/designs.html) - [Identity and Isomorphism](Geometry/FinitePlanes/equality.html) - [Planes, Graphs and Codes](Geometry/FinitePlanes/graph-code.html) - [Introduction](Geometry/FinitePlanes/introduction.html) - [Numerical Invariants of a Plane](Geometry/FinitePlanes/invariant.html) - [Operations on Points and Lines](Geometry/FinitePlanes/operation.html) - [The Point-Set and Line-Set of a Plane](Geometry/FinitePlanes/point-line-set.html) - [The Set of Points and Set of Lines](Geometry/FinitePlanes/point-line.html) - [The Connection between Projective and Affine Planes](Geometry/FinitePlanes/projective-affine.html) - [Subplanes](Geometry/FinitePlanes/subplane.html) - [The Defining Points of a Plane](Geometry/FinitePlanes/support.html) - [Translation Planes](Geometry/FinitePlanes/translation-planes.html) - [Unitals](Geometry/FinitePlanes/unital.html) - [Elementary Invariants](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/access.html) - [Automorphism Group and Correlation Group](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/automorphisms.html) - [C-Groups](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/cgroups.html) - [Conversion Functions](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/conversion-functions.html) - [\(C^+\)-Groups](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/cplusgroups.html) - [Construction of Incidence and Coset Geometries](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/creation.html) - [Diagram of an Incidence Geometry](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/diagram.html) - [Intersection Properties of Coset Geometries](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/intersectionproperties.html) - [Introduction](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/introduction.html) - [Primitivity Properties on Coset Geometries](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/primitivityproperties.html) - [Properties of Incidence Geometries and Coset Geometries](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/properties.html) - [Residues](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/residues.html) - [Shadow Spaces](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/shadow-space.html) - [Shadows](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/shadows.html) - [Truncations](Geometry/IncidenceGeometry/truncations.html) - [Basic Combinatorics of Polytopes and Polyhedra](Geometry/Polytopes/basic-combinatorics.html) - [The Combinatorics of Polytopes](Geometry/Polytopes/combinatorics.html) - [Cones and Polyhedra](Geometry/Polytopes/cones-polyhedra.html) - [Introduction and First Examples](Geometry/Polytopes/introduction.html) - [Polytopes, Cones and Polyhedra](Geometry/Polytopes/polytopes-cones-polyhedra.html) - [Toric Lattices](Geometry/Polytopes/toric-lattices.html) - [Places](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/Places.html) - [Automorphism Group](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/automorphism-group.html) - [Creation of Algebraic Function Fields and their Orders](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/creation.html) - [Function Field Database](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/database.html) - [Differentials](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/differentials.html) - [Divisors in OM representation](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/divisors-in-om-representation.html) - [Divisors](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/divisors.html) - [Elements](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/elements.html) - [Galois Groups](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/galois.html) - [Global Function Fields](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/global.html) - [Homomorphisms](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/hom.html) - [Ideal Operations](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/ideal-op.html) - [Ideals in OM Representation](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/ideal-rep.html) - [Ideals](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/ideals.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/introduction.html) - [The Montes Algorithm](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/montes.html) - [General Structure Invariants](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/structure-invar.html) - [Structure Predicates](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/structure-predicates.html) - [Related Structures](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/structure-related.html) - [Subfields](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/subfields.html) - [Weil Descent](GlobalFields/AlgebraicFunctionFields/weil_descent.html) - [Absolute Field](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/absolute.html) - [Creation of Elements](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/creation.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/introduction.html) - [Element Operations](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/operation-element.html) - [Ring Predicates and Properties](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/predicate.html) - [Properties](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/property.html) - [Related Structures](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/related.html) - [Representation](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/representation.html) - [Simplification](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/simplify.html) - [Creation of Structures](GlobalFields/AlgebraicallyClosedFields/structure.html) - [Arithmetic](GlobalFields/ArtinRepresentations/arithmetic.html) - [Constructing Artin Representations](GlobalFields/ArtinRepresentations/functions.html) - [Basic Invariants](GlobalFields/ArtinRepresentations/invariants.html) - [Implementation Notes](GlobalFields/ArtinRepresentations/notes.html) - [Overview](GlobalFields/ArtinRepresentations/overview.html) - [Attributes](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/attributes.html) - [Automorphisms](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/automorphisms.html) - [Conversion to Number Fields](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/conversion.html) - [Creation](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/creation.html) - [Galois Module Structure](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/galois-module-structure.html) - [Group Theoretic Functions](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/group-theory.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/introduction.html) - [Invariants](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/invariants.html) - [Norm Equations](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheory/norm-equations.html) - [Ray Class Groups](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/class-groups.html) - [Analytic Theory](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/drinfeld.html) - [Creation of Class Fields](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/fields.html) - [Enumeration of Places](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/place-enumeration.html) - [Properties of Class Fields](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/properties.html) - [Related Functions](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/related.html) - [The Ring of Twisted Polynomials](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/twisted-polynomials.html) - [The Ring of Witt Vectors of Finite Length](GlobalFields/ClassFieldTheoryForGlobalFunctionFields/witt-rings.html) - [Creation Functions](GlobalFields/CyclotomicFields/creation.html) - [Element Operations](GlobalFields/CyclotomicFields/element.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/CyclotomicFields/introduction.html) - [Structure Operations](GlobalFields/CyclotomicFields/structure.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/DirichletAndHeckeCharacters/introduction.html) - [Totally Real and Positive](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/TotRealTotPos.html) - [Attributes](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/attr.html) - [Completion](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/completion.html) - [Complex Multiplication](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/complex-mult.html) - [Complex Conjugation](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/complex_conj.html) - [Construction](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/construct.html) - [Chinese Remainder Theorem](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/crt.html) - [Elements](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/elements.html) - [Factorization and Primes](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/factor_primes.html) - [Over Order Graph](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/graph_over_orders.html) - [Homomorphisms](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/homs.html) - [Ideal Class Monoid](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/ideal_class_monoid.html) - [Ideals](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/ideals.html) - [Ideals of Index](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/ideals_of_index.html) - [Intermediate Ideals](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/intermediate_ideals.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/intro.html) - [Low Cohen Macauley Type](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/low_cohen_macauley_type.html) - [Minimal Generators](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/minimal_generators.html) - [Orders of Algebras](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/orders.html) - [Over Orders](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/over_orders.html) - [Picard Group](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/picard_group.html) - [Printing and Saving](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/print_save.html) - [Quotients](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/quotients.html) - [Short Element and Small Representative](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/short_elt_small_rep.html) - [Trace and Norm](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/trace_norm.html) - [Weak Classes](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/weak_classes.html) - [Weak Testing](GlobalFields/EtaleAlgebras/weak_testing.html) - [Automorphism Groups](GlobalFields/GaloisGroupsAndAutomorphisms/automorphism.html) - [Galois Cohomology](GlobalFields/GaloisGroupsAndAutomorphisms/cohomology.html) - [Automorphisms of Fields](GlobalFields/GaloisGroupsAndAutomorphisms/fld_auts.html) - [Galois Groups](GlobalFields/GaloisGroupsAndAutomorphisms/galois.html) - [Subfields](GlobalFields/GaloisGroupsAndAutomorphisms/subfields.html) - [Acknowledgement](GlobalFields/NumberFields/acknowledgement.html) - [Class Group and Unit Group](GlobalFields/NumberFields/class-unit-group.html) - [Creation Functions](GlobalFields/NumberFields/creation.html) - [Number Field Database](GlobalFields/NumberFields/database.html) - [Places and Divisors](GlobalFields/NumberFields/divisors.html) - [Fields with a Labelled Embedding](GlobalFields/NumberFields/embedded-number-fields.html) - [Galois Theory](GlobalFields/NumberFields/galois-theory.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/NumberFields/introduction.html) - [Solving Norm Equations](GlobalFields/NumberFields/norm-equation.html) - [Element Operations](GlobalFields/NumberFields/operation-element.html) - [Structure Operations](GlobalFields/NumberFields/operation.html) - [Acknowledgement](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/acknowledgement.html) - [Creation Functions](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/creation.html) - [Places and Divisors](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/divisors.html) - [Diophantine Equations](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/equation.html) - [Ideal Class Groups](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/ideal-class-group.html) - [Ideal Operations](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/ideal-op.html) - [Ideals in OM Representation](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/ideal-rep.html) - [Ideals and Quotients](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/ideal.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/introduction.html) - [The Montes Algorithm](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/montes.html) - [Element Operations](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/operation-element.html) - [Structure Operations](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/operation.html) - [Real Precision](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/precision.html) - [Printing](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/printing.html) - [Unit Groups](GlobalFields/NumberFieldsAndOrders/unit-group.html) - [Creation of Structures](GlobalFields/QuadraticFields/creation.html) - [Special Element Operations](GlobalFields/QuadraticFields/elements.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/QuadraticFields/introduction.html) - [Special Functions for Ideals](GlobalFields/QuadraticFields/special-ideals.html) - [Operations on Structures](GlobalFields/QuadraticFields/structure_ops.html) - [Creation Functions](GlobalFields/RationalFunctionFields/creation.html) - [Element Operations](GlobalFields/RationalFunctionFields/element.html) - [Introduction](GlobalFields/RationalFunctionFields/introduction.html) - [Structure Operations](GlobalFields/RationalFunctionFields/operation.html) - [Padé-Hermite Approximants](GlobalFields/RationalFunctionFields/padehermite.html) - [Class Groups](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/class-group.html) - [Creation Functions](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/creation.html) - [Operations on Forms](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/form-operations.html) - [Introduction](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/introduction.html) - [Class Invariants](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/invar-2.html) - [Elliptic and Modular Invariants](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/invar.html) - [Basic Invariants](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/invariants.html) - [Discrete Logarithms](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/log.html) - [Reduced Forms](LatticesQuadraticForms/BinaryQuadraticForms/reduced-forms.html) - [Attributes of Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/attributes.html) - [Creation of Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/creation-2.html) - [Presentation of Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/creation.html) - [Testing Matrices for Definiteness](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/definite.html) - [Lattice Elements](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/element.html) - [Minima and Element Enumeration](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/enumeration.html) - [Genera and Spinor Genera](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/genus.html) - [Introduction](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/introduction.html) - [Database of Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/latdb.html) - [Properties of Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/lattice-properties.html) - [Construction of New Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/new-construction.html) - [Orthogonalization](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/ortho.html) - [Reduction of Matrices and Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/reduction.html) - [Theta Series as Modular Forms](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/theta_modfrm.html) - [Voronoi Cells, Holes and Covering Radius](LatticesQuadraticForms/Lattices/voronoi.html) - [Examples](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesOverNumberFields/examples.html) - [Introduction](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesOverNumberFields/introduction.html) - [Lorentzian Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesOverNumberFields/lorentzian-lattices.html) - [Number Field Lattice Elements](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesOverNumberFields/numberfieldlatticeelements.html) - [Number Field Lattices](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesOverNumberFields/numberfieldlattices.html) - [Lattices from Matrix Groups](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesWithGroupAction/G-lattices.html) - [Automorphism Group and Isometry Testing](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesWithGroupAction/auto-isom.html) - [Introduction](LatticesQuadraticForms/LatticesWithGroupAction/introduction.html) - [Equivalence](LatticesQuadraticForms/QuadraticForms/Equivalence.html) - [Constructions and Conversions](LatticesQuadraticForms/QuadraticForms/constructions-conversions.html) - [Introduction](LatticesQuadraticForms/QuadraticForms/introduction.html) - [Isotropic Subspaces](LatticesQuadraticForms/QuadraticForms/isotropic.html) - [Local Invariants](LatticesQuadraticForms/QuadraticForms/local-invariants.html) - [Automorphisms](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/automorphisms.html) - [Constructing Groups of Lie Type](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/construction.html) - [Building Groups of Lie Type](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/create-new-root-datum.html) - [Curtis–Steinberg–Tits Presentations](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/cst-presentations.html) - [Constructing Elements](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/element-construction.html) - [Operations on Elements](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/element-operators.html) - [Properties of Groups of Lie Type](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/element-properties.html) - [Algebraic Homomorphisms](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/homomorphism.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/introduction.html) - [Properties of Elements](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/more-element-operators.html) - [Operations on Groups of Lie Type](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/operations.html) - [Representations](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/representations.html) - [Roots, Coroots and Weights](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/roots-coroots-weights.html) - [Sylow Subgroups](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/sylow-subgroups.html) - [Twisted Tori](LieTheory/ChevalleyGroups/twisted-tori.html) - [Standard Action](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/action-root-coroot-2.html) - [Root Actions](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/action-root-coroot.html) - [Converting Between Types of Coxeter Group](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/construct-2.html) - [Constructing Coxeter Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/construct.html) - [Braid Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/group-braid.html) - [Operations on Elements](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/group-elt-op.html) - [Operations on Coxeter Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/group-op.html) - [Properties of Coxeter Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/group-prop.html) - [\(W\)-graphs](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/group-wgraphs.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/introduction.html) - [Related Structures](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/related.html) - [Roots, Coroots and Reflections](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/root-data-roots.html) - [Reflections](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/rootrefl.html) - [Reflection Subgroups](LieTheory/CoxeterGroups/subgroups.html) - [Cartan Matrices](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/cartanmat.html) - [Coxeter Graphs](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/coxetergraph.html) - [Coxeter Matrices](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/coxetermat.html) - [Dynkin Digraphs](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/dynkindigraph.html) - [Finite and Affine Coxeter Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/finiteaffine.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/introduction.html) - [Related Structures](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/related-2.html) - [Hyperbolic Groups](LieTheory/CoxeterSystems/related.html) - [Root Systems and Root Data](LieTheory/Introduction/descriptions-2.html) - [Lie Algebras and Groups of Lie Type](LieTheory/Introduction/descriptions-3.html) - [Highest Weight Representations](LieTheory/Introduction/descriptions-4.html) - [Universal Enveloping Algebras and Quantum Groups](LieTheory/Introduction/descriptions-5.html) - [Descriptions of Coxeter Groups](LieTheory/Introduction/descriptions.html) - [Coxeter and Reflection Groups](LieTheory/Introduction/groups.html) - [Affine Kac–Moody Lie Algebras](LieTheory/KacMoodyLieAlgebras/affine.html) - [Generalized Cartan Matrices](LieTheory/KacMoodyLieAlgebras/cartan.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/KacMoodyLieAlgebras/introduction.html) - [Lie Algebras Generated by Extremal Elements](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/alglieextr.html) - [Automorphisms of Classical-type Reductive Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/automorphisms-classical.html) - [Constructors for Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/construct.html) - [Construction of Elements](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/element-construct.html) - [Operations on Elements](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/elements.html) - [Families of Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/family-construct.html) - [Finitely Presented Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/fp-construct.html) - [Homomorphisms](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/homomorphisms.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/introduction.html) - [Operations for Matrix Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/matrix.html) - [The Natural Module](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/natural-module.html) - [Nilpotent Orbits in Simple Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/nilpotent-orbits.html) - [Operations on Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/operation.html) - [Properties of Lie Algebras and Ideals](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/property.html) - [Restrictable Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/restrictable.html) - [Solvable and Nilpotent Lie Algebras Classification](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/solvable-nilpotent.html) - [Construction of Subalgebras, Ideals and Quotients](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/sub-construct.html) - [Semisimple Subalgebras of Simple Lie Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/sub-sssdb.html) - [Operations on Subalgebras and Ideals](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/sub.html) - [Universal Enveloping Algebras](LieTheory/LieAlgebras/universal_enveloping_algebras.html) - [Automorphisms](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/automorphisms.html) - [Background](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/background.html) - [Elements of the Canonical Basis](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/canbas.html) - [Construction](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/construct.html) - [Operations on Elements](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/elts-ops.html) - [Gauss Numbers](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/gauss.html) - [Hopf Algebra Structure](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/hopf-structure.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/introduction.html) - [Kashiwara Operators](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/kashiwara-ops.html) - [The Path Model](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/path-model.html) - [Homomorphisms to the Universal Enveloping Algebra](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/q.html) - [Related Structures](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/rel-struct.html) - [Representations](LieTheory/QuantumGroups/representations.html) - [Roots, Coroots and Reflections](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/action.html) - [Construction of Finite Complex Reflection Groups](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/create-group-refl-complex.html) - [Construction of Real Reflection Groups](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/create-group-refl-real.html) - [Construction of Reflection Groups](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/create-group-refl.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/introduction.html) - [Operations on Reflection Groups](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/operations.html) - [Properties of Reflection Groups](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/properties.html) - [Construction of Pseudo-reflections](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/reflections.html) - [Related Structures](LieTheory/ReflectionGroups/related.html) - [Other Functions for Representation Decompositions](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representation-other.html) - [Operations on Weight Multisets](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representation-properties.html) - [Subgroups of Small Rank](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representation-small-database.html) - [Constructing Representations](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representations-constructing-2.html) - [Constructing Weight Multisets](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representations-constructing.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representations-introduction.html) - [Operations on Representations](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/representations-operations.html) - [Subalgebras of su(d)](LieTheory/RepresentationsOfLieGroupsAndAlgebras/sub-subsu.html) - [Constants Associated with Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/constants-root-datum.html) - [Building Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/create-new-root-datum.html) - [Constructing Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/create-root-datum.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/RootData/introduction.html) - [Morphisms of Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/morphisms-root-datum.html) - [Operations on Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/operators-root-dtm.html) - [Properties of Root Data](LieTheory/RootData/properties-root-datum.html) - [Related Structures](LieTheory/RootData/related-structures.html) - [Roots, Coroots and Weights](LieTheory/RootData/roots-coroots-weights.html) - [Constructing Root Systems](LieTheory/RootSystems/construct-root-system.html) - [Building Root Systems](LieTheory/RootSystems/create-new-root-system.html) - [Introduction](LieTheory/RootSystems/introduction.html) - [Operators on Root Systems](LieTheory/RootSystems/operators-root-sys.html) - [Properties of Root Systems](LieTheory/RootSystems/properties-root-system.html) - [Related Structures](LieTheory/RootSystems/related-structures.html) - [Roots and Coroots](LieTheory/RootSystems/roots-coroots-weights.html) - [Accessors and Expansion](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/accessors.html) - [Arithmetic](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/arith.html) - [Basics](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/basics.html) - [Constructors](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/cons.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/introduction.html) - [Modifiers](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/mods.html) - [Predicates](LocalFields/AlgebraicPowerSeriesRings/preds.html) - [Creation Functions](LocalFields/GaloisRings/creation.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/GaloisRings/introduction.html) - [Element Operations](LocalFields/GaloisRings/operation-element.html) - [Structure Operations](LocalFields/GaloisRings/operation.html) - [Constructions](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/construction.html) - [Elements Operations](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/elements.html) - [Automorphisms and Galois Theory](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/galois.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/introduction.html) - [Homomorphisms](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/maps.html) - [Maximal Order](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/maximal-order.html) - [Operations with Fields](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/operations.html) - [Polynomial Factorization](LocalFields/GeneralPAdicExtensions/poly_fact.html) - [Creation of Lazy Series Rings](LocalFields/LazyPowerSeriesRings/creation.html) - [Elements](LocalFields/LazyPowerSeriesRings/elements.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/LazyPowerSeriesRings/introduction.html) - [Functions on Lazy Series Rings](LocalFields/LazyPowerSeriesRings/ring_ops.html) - [Arithmetic](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/arithmetic.html) - [Creating Galois Representations](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/creating.html) - [Advanced Examples](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/fields-2.html) - [Changing Fields](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/fields.html) - [Basic Invariants](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/invariants.html) - [Overview](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/overview.html) - [Changing Precision](LocalFields/LocalGaloisRepresentations/precision.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/NewtonPolygons/introduction.html) - [Polynomials Associated with Newton Polygons](LocalFields/NewtonPolygons/newton-polynomials.html) - [Newton Polygons](LocalFields/NewtonPolygons/newton.html) - [Using Newton Polygons to Find Roots of Polynomials over Series Rings](LocalFields/NewtonPolygons/poly-ops.html) - [Finding Valuations of Roots of Polynomials from Newton Polygons](LocalFields/NewtonPolygons/val.html) - [Automorphisms of Local Rings and Fields](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/autos.html) - [Background](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/background.html) - [Class Field Theory](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/class-fields.html) - [Completions](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/completion.html) - [Element Constructions and Conversions](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/consconv-element.html) - [Creation of Local Rings and Fields](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/creation.html) - [Roots of Elements](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/elt-roots.html) - [Extensions](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/extensions.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/introduction.html) - [Elementary Invariants](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/invariants.html) - [Linear Algebra](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/lin-alg.html) - [Operations on Elements](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/operation-element.html) - [Overview of the \(p\)-adics in Magma](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/overview.html) - [Polynomials](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/polynomials.html) - [Operations on Structures](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/structure-operations.html) - [Exact \(p\)-Adic Rings](LocalFields/PAdicRingsAndTheirExtensions/xpadic.html) - [Creation Functions](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/creation.html) - [Extensions of Series Rings](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/extensions.html) - [The Hypergeometric Series](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/hypergeometric.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/introduction.html) - [Basic Element Operations](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/operation-element.html) - [Structure Operations](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/operation-structure.html) - [Polynomials over Series Rings](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/polynomials.html) - [Transcendental Functions](LocalFields/PowerLaurentAndPuiseuxSeries/transcendental.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/SeriesRingsOverPAdicRings/introduction.html) - [Matrices and Modules](LocalFields/SeriesRingsOverPAdicRings/matrices-modules.html) - [Creation Functions](LocalFields/ValuationRings/creation.html) - [Element Operations](LocalFields/ValuationRings/element.html) - [Introduction](LocalFields/ValuationRings/introduction.html) - [Structure Operations](LocalFields/ValuationRings/structure.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/DebuggingMagmaCode/introduction.html) - [Using the Debugger](MagmaLanguage/DebuggingMagmaCode/using-debugger.html) - [Set and Get](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/Set-Get.html) - [Command Line Options](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/command-options.html) - [Environment Variables](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/environment-variable.html) - [The Magma Help System](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/help.html) - [History Files](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/history-files.html) - [History](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/history.html) - [Other Information Procedures](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/info.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/introduction.html) - [The Magma Line Editor](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/line-editor.html) - [Verbose Levels](MagmaLanguage/EnvironmentAndOptions/verbose.html) - [Attributes](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/attribute.html) - [Functions and Procedures](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/function-procedure.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/introduction.html) - [Packages](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/package.html) - [User-Defined Types](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/type.html) - [User-defined Verbose Flags](MagmaLanguage/FunctionsProceduresAndPackages/verbose.html) - [Asynchronous I/O](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/asyncio.html) - [Creating Names](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/create-name.html) - [Input](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/input.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/intro.html) - [Managing Multiple I/O Objects](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/io-many.html) - [I/O Operations](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/io-operations.html) - [I/O Objects](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/io.html) - [Loading Program Files](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/load.html) - [Logging a Session](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/logging.html) - [Printing](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/print.html) - [Character Strings](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/string.html) - [System Calls](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/system-calls-2.html) - [Memory Usage](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/system-calls.html) - [Saving and Restoring Workspaces](MagmaLanguage/InputOutput/workspace.html) - [Assignment](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/assignment.html) - [Terminology](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/definition.html) - [Dynamic Typing](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/dynamic-typing.html) - [Evaluation in Magma](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/evaluation.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/introduction.html) - [Appendix B: Reserved Words](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/precedence-2.html) - [Appendix A: Precedence](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/precedence.html) - [Procedure Expressions](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/procedure-expression.html) - [Reference Arguments](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/reference-argument.html) - [Scope](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/scope.html) - [Traps for Young Players](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/trap.html) - [Uninitialized Identifiers](MagmaLanguage/MagmaSemantics/uninitialized-identifier.html) - [GPUs](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/GPUs.html) - [Ideal Class Group of Algebraic Number Fields](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/classgroup.html) - [Linear Codes](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/codes.html) - [Distributed Computation for Internal Algorithms](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/distributed.html) - [Gröbner Bases](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/groebner-bases.html) - [Integer Factorisation](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/integer-factorisation.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/intro.html) - [Magma Kernel Distributed Parallelism](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/kernel-distributed-parallelism.html) - [Integral Lattices](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/lattices.html) - [Linear Algebra](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/linear-algebra.html) - [User-Implemented Distributed Parallelism](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/par-user.html) - [Polynomial Rings](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/poly.html) - [Polynomial System Solving](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/polynomial-system-solving.html) - [Timing](MagmaLanguage/Parallelism/timing.html) - [Assignment](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/assignment.html) - [Boolean Values](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/boolean.html) - [Coercion](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/coercion.html) - [Comments and Continuation](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/comment-continuation.html) - [Conditional Statements and Expressions](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/conditional.html) - [Error Handling Statements](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/error-handling.html) - [Runtime Evaluation: the eval Expression](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/eval-expression.html) - [Identifiers](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/identifier.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/introduction.html) - [Iterative Statements](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/iteration.html) - [Miscellaneous](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/misc.html) - [Random Object Generation](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/random.html) - [Starting, Interrupting and Terminating](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/startup-interrupt-quit.html) - [Timing](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/timing.html) - [Types, Category Names, and Structures](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/type.html) - [The where \(\ldots\) is Construction](MagmaLanguage/StatementsAndExpressions/where-is.html) - [Exploring the Call Graph](MagmaLanguage/TheMagmaProfiler/call-graph.html) - [Introduction](MagmaLanguage/TheMagmaProfiler/intro.html) - [Profiler Basics](MagmaLanguage/TheMagmaProfiler/profiler-basics.html) - [Recursion and the Profiler](MagmaLanguage/TheMagmaProfiler/recursion-profiler.html) - [Elementary Properties](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/access.html) - [Elementary Arithmetic](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/arithmetic.html) - [Canonical Forms](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/canonical.html) - [Changing Ring](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/change-ring.html) - [Creation of Matrices](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/creation.html) - [Accessing or Modifying Entries](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/entries.html) - [Introduction](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/introduction.html) - [Building Block Matrices](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/join.html) - [Miscellaneous Operations on Matrices](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/misc.html) - [Numerical Linear Algebra](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/numerical-linalg.html) - [Orders of Invertible Matrices](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/order.html) - [Predicates](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/predicates.html) - [Minimal and Characteristic Polynomials and Eigenvalues](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/properties-2.html) - [Determinant and Other Properties](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/properties.html) - [Nullspaces and Solutions of Systems](MatricesLinearAlgebra/Matrices/solution-equation.html) - [Introduction](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/Introduction.html) - [Polar Spaces More Generally](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/SpcPlr.html) - [Classical Groups](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/classical.html) - [Constructing Polar Spaces](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/constructions.html) - [Inner Products](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/innerprod.html) - [Invariant Forms](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/invform.html) - [Isometries and Similarities](MatricesLinearAlgebra/PolarSpaces/isom-sim.html) - 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[Local Galois Representations](ModularArithmeticGeometry/RepresentationsOfLocalFields/galois.html) - [Introduction](ModularArithmeticGeometry/RepresentationsOfLocalFields/introduction.html) - [Structure of Admissible Representations](ModularArithmeticGeometry/RepresentationsOfLocalFields/structure.html) - [Automorphisms](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/auts_small_mod_crv.html) - [Small Modular Curve Models](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/create_small_mod_crv.html) - [Cusps and Rational Points](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/cusps_small_mod_crv.html) - [Standard Functions and Forms](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/fns_frms_small_mod_crv.html) - [Introduction](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/introduction.html) - [Parametrized Structures](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/isogs_sm_mod_crvs.html) - [Projection Maps](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/prj_mp_small_mod_crv.html) - [Modular Generators and \(q\)-Expansions](ModularArithmeticGeometry/SmallModularCurves/q_exps_sm_mod_crvs.html) - 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[Characters of the Alternating Group](RepresentationTheory/RepresentationsOfSymmetricGroups/charalt.html) - [Characters of the Symmetric Group](RepresentationTheory/RepresentationsOfSymmetricGroups/charsym.html) - [Introduction](RepresentationTheory/RepresentationsOfSymmetricGroups/introduction.html) - [Representations of the Alternating Group](RepresentationTheory/RepresentationsOfSymmetricGroups/repalt.html) - [Representations of the Symmetric Group](RepresentationTheory/RepresentationsOfSymmetricGroups/repsym.html) - [Iteration](SetsSequencesMappings/AssociativeArrays/Iteration.html) - [Introduction](SetsSequencesMappings/AssociativeArrays/introduction.html) - [Operations](SetsSequencesMappings/AssociativeArrays/operations.html) - [Accessing Functions](SetsSequencesMappings/Coproducts/access.html) - [Creation Functions](SetsSequencesMappings/Coproducts/creation.html) - [Flattening](SetsSequencesMappings/Coproducts/flat.html) - [Introduction](SetsSequencesMappings/Coproducts/introduction.html) - 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[Introduction](SetsSequencesMappings/Mappings/introduction.html) - [Operations on Mappings](SetsSequencesMappings/Mappings/operation.html) - [Parents of Maps](SetsSequencesMappings/Mappings/parents.html) - [Access and Modification Functions](SetsSequencesMappings/Records/access-modification.html) - [The Record Format Constructor](SetsSequencesMappings/Records/creation-format.html) - [Creating a Record](SetsSequencesMappings/Records/creation-record.html) - [Introduction](SetsSequencesMappings/Records/introduction.html) - [Predicates on Sequences](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/Boolean.html) - [Creating Sequences](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/creation.html) - [Introduction](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/introduction.html) - [Operators on Sequences](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/operation.html) - [Power Sequences](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/power-sequence.html) - [Recursion, Reduction, and Iteration](SetsSequencesMappings/Sequences/recursion-reduction-iteration.html) - [Accessing and Modifying Sets](SetsSequencesMappings/Sets/access-modification.html) - 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